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Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism or the presence of a disease that may or may not be genetic.
Genetic illness
Sickness, physical disability, or other disorder resulting from the inheritance of one or more deleterious alleles.
Centromere
A specialized chromosome region to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Hybrid
The offspring of genetically different parents.
Gene
The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. A gene is an ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromosome that encodes a specific functional product
Fraternal twin
Siblings born at the same time as the result of fertilization of two ova by two sperm. They share the same genetic relationship to each other as any other siblings.
Deletion.
A loss of part of the DNA from a chromosome; can lead to a disease or abnormality.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
An embryonic cell that can replicate indefinitely, transform into other types of cells, and serve as a continuous source of new cells.
Pedigree
A family tree diagram that shows how a particular genetic trait or disease has been inherited.
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
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